Causes, symptoms and risks down syndrome is the most common genetic condition in the united states. Babies with down syndrome have similar facial features, tend to have lower muscle tone, and typically learn to walk and talk slightly later than other children. Down syndrome is a chromosomal abnormality associated with several health conditions. Joining in and taking part will help your child develop. In 1959 lejeune, gautier, and turpin discovered the association between down s syndrome and a third chromosome 21. The nature of the abnormality and the physical characteristics make the. Down syndrome ds is a genetic disorder originated during the meiotic process, produced by the copy of chromosome 21, causing a trisomy that affects the way in which the physical and cognitive. People with down syndrome often learn in different ways. Down syndrome picture is the 2nd from the left in the top row. Down syndrome is a common genetic condition caused by an extra chromosome 21.
Disease pathophysiology down syndrome is a genetically occurred disordered due the presence of third copy of chromosome. Children with down syndrome are known for their happy attitudes, loving spirits, and playfulness. Down syndrome issues and information is a series of practical and informative books and ebooks covering the full range of developmental, health and social issues relating to individuals with down syndrome. Visual development, refraction, visual acuity testing, and the prescription of spectacles were examined retrospectively. Here is some useful information about the attributes of down syndrome. According to the international advocacy organization down syndrome education dse, related challenges can be bucketed as follows. People with down syndrome can have physical problems, as well as intellectual disabilities. Down syndrome is the most common intellectual disability. Its most common forms usually do not occur more than once in a family. Characteristics of down syndrome there are over 50 clinical signs of down syndrome, but it is rare to find all or even most of them in one person.
The chromosomal aberration is an additional full or partial copy of the 21st chromosome which causes a change in the developmental arch of the organism child and. Introduction to downs syndrome compiled by claire fisher, with contributions by the parents of wddssg downs syndrome is a genetic condition downs syndrome is caused by an extra copy of chromosome 21. Evidence of the syndrome dates back to artefacts of the olmecs in ancient mexico stratford, 1989 although the first detailed and systematic description by langdon down came much later, in 1866. The two groups with intellectual disability showed. Some of the problems commonly faced by people with down syndrome include heart defects, thyroid, muscle, joint, vision and hearing problems. With the support and opportunities available to them today, people with down syndrome are able to achieve and participate as valued members of the community. Characteristics of learning process at children with down syndrom. One in every 691 babies in the united states is born with down syndrome about 6,000 each year. Ds is associated with number of phenotypes including congenital heart defects, leukemia, alzeihmers disease, hirschsprung disease etc. The characteristics of down syndrome linkedin slideshare.
Down syndrome occurs when a baby is born with an extra chromosome 21. The issues families confront need to be recognised and addressed by policy makers. Characteristics of down syndrome babies with down syndrome. Other conditions seen less frequently in down syndrome include leukemia, and seizures. Though down syndrome cant be prevented, it can be detected before a child is born.
It was first described 1866 and is named after john langdon down, the doctor who first identified the syndrome. Target of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome merge lung. Down syndrome is a chromosomal disorder, resulting in impaired physical and cognitive abilities. Down syndrome is the most commonly occurring chromosomal condition one in every 691 babies in the united states is born with down syndrome. A chromosomal anomaly, it is the addition of an extra full or partial copy of the chromosome 21 to all or some of the body cells which causes down syndrome. Just because the child with down syndrome may look different doesnt mean he she has no feelings. Jun 11, 2015 down syndrome ds is one of the commonest disorders with huge medical and social cost. Down syndrome ds is one of the commonest disorders with huge medical and social cost. A person with down syndrome typically has a slightly small head that is flattened in the back. Children with down syndrome share some common physical characteristics, but. The underlying cause of the condition is a trisomy a triple set of chromosomes. Mosaicism 7 mosaicism occurs after the fertilized egg begins to divide normally. At 1820 weeks, doctors combine a detailed ultrasound with blood test results. A brief introduction to the characteristics of down syndrome.
The characteristics of down syndrome include low muscle tone, short stature, a flat nasal. It is also good to point out that physical appearance how many physical characteristics of down syndrome an individual has does not determine cognitive ability. Down syndrome is not linked to race, nationality, or socioeconomic levels. Some level of intellectual disability is the only feature common to all people who have down syndrome. Oct 09, 20 not all individuals with down syndrome exhibit all of these characteristics. Children suffering from down syndrome show minor or major differences in their stature and physical attributes. Many of these characteristics are found to some extent in the general population. It occurs because of the presence of an extra 21st chromosome. A closer look at the physical characteristics of down syndrome.
The down s syndrome handbook down syndrome, also called trisomy 21 is the most common cause of mental retardation and malformation in a newborn. Down syndrome center for parent information and resources. Biology of down syndrome 3 of these interspersed repeats, postulated functions include their influencing gene expression and participating in dna synthesis. Language characteristics of individuals with down syndrome. Down syndrome sometimes called downs syndrome is a condition in which a child is born with an extra copy of their 21st chromosome hence its other name, trisomy 21. Delays in reaching milestones that allow a child to move about.
Down syndrome is a condition in which a person is born with an extra copy of chromosome 21. Treatment of middle ear fluid often includes the use of ear tubes. However faulkener and lewis 1995 note that development in young people with downs syndrome is different from that of normally developing children and not. Pdf aim is to discuss the stockholm syndrome, describe stockholm like syndrome and suggest the knot psychotherapy for these patients. Down syndrome ds is the most common genetic form of intellectual disability. Down syndrome ds, or trisomy 21, is one of the most common causes of intellectual disability id and recent prevalence estimates suggest that there are 11. Straight talk about mental retardation, down syndrome, and life down syndrome.
Regardless of the type of down syndrome a person may have, all people with down syndrome have an extra, critical portion of chromosome 21 present in all or some of their cells. There are approximately 400,000 people living with down syndrome in the united states. Icd11 links and redirects battered person syndrome to posttraumatic stress disorder so this is a recognised diagnosable term, so we really should have at least a stub article on it. Like all children, children with down syndrome do resemble their parents. At the present time, there is no treatment or cure to reverse the effects of the. Ensuring equal treatment and access to services is a.
Down syndrome trisomy 21 causes, symptoms and diagnosis. Down syndrome or at least improve the quality of life for those who have it. The past, present, and future of research and treatment of down syndrome. From two to three years, consider giving your child the opportunity. These patients include those with down syndrome ds, traumatic brain injury. Pdf executive functions in intellectual disabilities. The books have been written by some of the worlds leading experts and are based on years of research and handson experience. It is not restricted to any one race, culture, social class, or historical period. For most people with down syndrome, this anomaly causes a host of distinctive physical characteristics as well as potential health and medical problems. Visual characteristics of children with down syndrome. Down syndrome is the most common genetic cause of intellectual disability, occurring in approximately 1 in 700 live births centers for disease control and prevention, 2006. There are many physical characteristics that form the basis for suspecting an infant has down syndrome.
Down syndrome characteristics, diagnosis, prognosis, treatment. The center for disease control estimates that each year about 6,000 babies in the united states are born with down syndrome. Epicanthal folds small skin folds on the inner corner of the eyes. Down syndrome is not a disease, nor is it contagious. Down syndrome inclusion support service contact details down syndrome victoria ph. The incidence of births of children with down syndrome increases with the age of the mother. Down syndrome is a genetic disorder in which there is an extra full or partial chromosome 21. Down syndrome is the most commonly occurring chromosomal condition. Each person inherits 23 chromosomes from their mother and 23 chromosomes from their father. Like every other children, the child with the down syndrome develops a variety of skills. There are few studies that report findings on the speech and language characteristics of apert syndrome, and little is known about the cognitive profile of the syndrome 6, 10.
Ds individuals are affected by these phenotypes to a variable extent thus understanding the cause of this variation is a. To analyze longterm visual development in children with down syndrome who received early ophthalmological intervention. Down syndrome is not a disease or a medical condition. Down syndrome is named after john langdon down, an english physician who first described the set of characteristics that have long been associated with the genetic abnormality. The sessions of structured learning should try to combine the usual learning methods with more structured ones. Some individuals have more traits consistent with down syndrome than others. The older the mother, the higher the risk of trisomy 21. The physical characteristics of down syndrome did not stop him from looking like the rest of us. The first 18 months dvd or video early communication skills in children with down syndrome. General learning characteristics of children with down syndrome most children with down syndrome display some delay in their development, which can range from moderate to severe. Although normally used to refer to women it does seem to be. Down syndrome can affect how a person looks and thinks, and its sometimes linked with other health problems, as well. There are more than 400,000 people living with down syndrome in the united states. Muscle hypotonia low muscle tone hyper flexibility an excessive ability to extend the joints double jointed.
The cau of down syndrome, also known as trisomy 21, was discovered in 1959. People with the syndrome may also have other health problems. Target of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome merge lung cancer. Does a child with down syndrome get along well with other children. Not all babies with down syndrome have all these characteristics, and many of these features can be.
During mitosis, the cell replicates itself and divides into two cells with 46. The diagnosis of down syndrome is usually suspected after birth as a result of the babys appearance. Make battered person syndrome article a stub and merge the majority of the content elsewhere. Down syndrome facts national down syndrome society. Many of the characteristics of down syndrome can be seen, but the physical characteristics of down syndrome are insignificant to the beholder. In down syndrome, there is an extra chromosome 21, resulting in 3 instead of 2 chromosomes. Most people with down syndrome learn things more slowly. Aberrant right subclavian artery in fetuses with down. Cognitive and behavioral functioning across the lifespan julie grieco, margaret pulsifer, karen seligsohn, brian skotko, and alison schwartz individuals with down syndrome ds commonly possess unique neurocognitive and neurobehavioral pro. Ds results in a characteristic profile of cognitive and neurological dysfunction. A guide for parents and professionals fine motor skills in children with down. Ninetyeight percent of cases of down syndrome are caused by an extra copy of chromosome 21 trisomy 21. Down syndrome occurs in people of all races and economic levels.
Recent advancement in medical treatment with social support has. On an average the iq of a patient suffering with down syndrome is 50. Dec 28, 2008 the characteristics of down syndrome 1. Particularly germane to down syndrome is the possible role of these repeats in genetic recombina tion and chromosome pairing during meiosis. Learning characteristics students with down syndrome. Down syndrome may be less affected by the physical and mental characteristics of down syndrome than those with nondisjunction or translocation. Learn more about the symptoms of down syndrome and common medical problems. Maybe you have a great memory and do not need to write things down to remember them.
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